Comprehensive Summary
Cheng et. al conducted a study analyzing the similarities in whole brain functional connectivity between adolescents experiencing impulsivity and neuroticism and adolescents at risk of alcohol use. Examining the similarities between the two conditions can help reveal whole-brain changes that are associated with impulsivity and neuroticism. Utilizing connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), a method of analyzing neural networks, researchers analyzed data from ~2000 individuals in Europe, and generalized their findings using ~1339 individuals from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Through their results, neural networks predictive of impulsivity (r = 0.19, p < 0.001) and neuroticism (r = 0.17, p < 0.001) were discovered through CPMs. Additionally, distinct neural connections were found to influence impulsivity and neuroticism, such as the motor/sensory network connections for impulsivity and a broad spectrum of brain regions, including the thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum and insula. Analyzing unique versus shared features between impulsivity and neuroticism, it was found that despite the correlation of behavioral measures, impulsivity and neuroticism were anatomically distinct, sharing only 66 edges in common between neural networks. In determining the relationship between adolescent alcohol use, impulsivity, and neuroticism, it was found that among shared nodes, both nodes that predicted impulsivity and nodes that predicted neuroticism also predicted alcohol use risk, which is consistent with findings from previous studies.
Outcomes and Implications
While neuroticism and impulsivity were shown to have different anatomical features, neural networks that accurately predicted both could still be found, and neuroticism and impulsivity were found to correlate with alcohol use risk among adolescents. This research sheds light on newly discovered connections between impulsivity, neuroticism, and alcohol use; nevertheless, all three have multi-dimensional features, and future studies should be done to further analyze these features and the effects of other variables, such as sample demographic and time, on these three conditions.