Kłodnicka et al. review recent progress in imaging, molecular studies, and new treatments like gene and stem-cell therapy to help improve diagnosis and treatment for major eye diseases. Kłodnicka et al. performed a literature review, where they looked at recent studies on molecular mechanisms of eye diseases, high–resolution imaging methods, and emerging therapies (gene, stem cell). Kłodnicka et al. combined findings from these studies, including data from omics, imaging, and AI, to understand what progress has been made and what challenges remain. Kłodnicka et al. found that new imaging methods can detect eye diseases earlier and in more detail. Kłodnicka et al. highlighted that gene therapy, stem cells, and targeted drugs may help treat major eye problems like AMD, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and uveitis. They also noted that using data from these techniques with AI can help tailor treatments for patients. Overall, Kłodnicka et al. discuss how using new imaging, molecular data, and AI can help diagnose and treat eye diseases better, and note that there are still challenges in using these methods in regular medical care.