Comprehensive Summary
This paper focuses on the nature of interaffective behavior in schizophrenia and the interactions surrounding such behavior, while also analyzing how impairments in the interaffective process can attribute to deficits in social perceptions and cognition. This research was thus performed by incorporating 20 individuals with schizophrenia and 20 individuals with mental disorders to play a game called “Magic Maze”, where it limits forms of verbal interactions and instead pioneers for affective responses and welcomes non-verbal interactions (like facial expressions). Facial expressions were then analyzed by way of Affdex (a machine that was crafted to understand and recognize facial expression analysis), and dyadic interactions were monitored with INTERACT which is a software system. Researchers found that baseline affect and stress that was analyzed by PANAS and SSSQ (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Short Stress State Questionnaire), was not notably differing between people with schizophrenia and the control. Further, in terms of subjective experience, stress increased but worry decreased in both the control and people with schizophrenia after the experiment where there were no significant differences between the groups. In the context of facial expressions, participants with schizophrenia presented expressions of disgust, anger, and sadness, healthy participants however, displayed joy. Additionally, participants with schizophrenia did not facially mimic joy in comparison to participants without mental disorders, and they often reacted more with surprise, anger, and sadness for percentage of emotion-congruent facial expressions. Regarding correlations with blunted effects, participants with schizophrenia presented negative correlations with facial expressions and positive correlations with anger and disgust. Some of the main arguments presented included those negative emotional expressions that increased sadness and thus decreased joy for individuals with schizophrenia. Researchers explained that real-life situations are what evokes more emotional responses in why blunted affect correlates with a decrease in surprise and more larger responses in anger and sadness. The researchers did however indicate flaws within their study, for instance, “Magic Maze” may have caused more of a mental load on participants, especially those with schizophrenia, and thus could very well affect facial expressions. Overall, the researchers concluded that interaffective processes for people with schizophrenia had been impeded, which was supported by a decrease in responses to joy and facial mimicry.
Outcomes and Implications
This research is imperative because it can attest to how impediments in the interaffective process can socially harm those with schizophrenia. However, by understanding these impediments, it provides for a better understanding of those who struggle with schizophrenia to aid them in social cognition and social situations. This research can thus be congruent with the field of medicine because, as the researchers presented, Affdex had been supported by EMG results. EMG’s can detect subtle facial muscle movements to further understand the discrepancy of facial mimicry in those with schizophrenia and those without mental disorders. This can further allude to the nature of how a participant may have felt with their equated expression of that said emotion. The researchers stated that facial mimicry may serve better as a separate study, which is important because it illustrates the exigence of fostering relationships. Studying social behavior and the formation of relationships is clinically important because it can aid understanding a patient’s behavior to improve their quality of life.