Comprehensive Summary
This paper reviews the use of new technology including machine learning in Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD). Machine learning can be used for tasks such as preoperative planning, surgical outcome, and possible complications predictions. Surgical planning software tools are being developed to help in preoperative planning by allowing visualization of the operation. Moreover, software tools and 3D printing also allow the production of patient-specific instrumentation which enables tailored implantation of spinal rods, resulting in better correction of spinal deformities. These technologies can also assist intraoperative tasks such as the use of augmented and virtual reality for guidance, navigation and training. Finally, robotics in surgery decreases the amount of human error through computer assisted systems.
Outcomes and Implications
Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) is currently on the rise, with around 68% of 65 or older individuals being impacted. The main problem is the diminished quality of life in patients due to reduced mobility and debilitating pain. With the development of new technology, there are many areas in which these technologies can be used to reduce costs and increase the effectiveness of medical intervention. Even though the use of AI is described briefly in the paper, the other technologies mentioned could all be optimized or enhanced with AI usage. For example, designing 3D models for spinal rods could be done with machine learning algorithms which would decrease the designing time, resulting in less preparation time. Even though these technologies are new and have immense potential, there is a need for continuous research ensuring patient safety and performance optimization.