This paper provides a comprehensive and forward-looking overview of how scientific discoveries in epilepsy research are successfully translating into modern surgical practice. Tanaka highlights how advances in molecular biology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and computational neuroscience have transformed the way clinicians evaluate and treat drug-resistant epilepsy. The paper walks through the evolution of surgical techniques from traditional resective procedures to minimally invasive approaches such as laser ablation, neuromodulation therapies, and stereo-EEG (SEEG) guided interventions. A major emphasis is placed on how laboratory findings, such as the identification of genetic epilepsies, mapping of epileptogenic networks, and insights into synaptic and circuit-level dysfunction, are now directly shaping patient selection and tailoring surgical strategies. The author also stresses the growing role of data-driven tools, including machine learning, high-resolution imaging analytics, and computational modeling, in pinpointing seizure onset zones and predicting surgical outcomes. Overall, the article paints a picture of a field rapidly becoming more precise, personalized, and biologically informed. Rather than relying solely on lesion visibility or surface EEG patterns, modern epilepsy surgery increasingly integrates multimodal data, including genetics, high-density EEG, deep-brain recordings, network modeling, and advanced imaging, to guide clinical decision-making and improve long-term seizure freedom rates.