Comprehensive Summary
Yang et al. analyzed the satisfaction of patients a year after distal radius fracture surgery. In order to do this, Yang et al. utilized a multimodal machine learning model that utilized postoperative X-ray radiomics with rating scores given to them from the patients themselves. Radiomics is a specific method that can convert medical imaging like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs into quantitative data to be analyzed by a computer or in this study, a machine learning model. The patient rating scores were determined on the basis of measured wrist pain throughout daily life, general comfortability of daily life, and how often the patient would forget about the wrist pain throughout daily life (the joint would feel more natural and less painful if patients were to forget about it more). The study consisted of 385 patients who were split into two groups categorized by internal fixation and external fixation. 169 of these patients had follow up assessments and further imaging of the distal radius fracture. From the X-rays, 848 radiomic features were specifically found and categorized into 16 key features with random forest embedding. These 16 key features were created in order to train and test the functionality of the machine learning models, which used decision curve analysis, calibration curves, and ROC curves to evaluate performance across the 16 key features. The results showed that the model that involved radiomics in addition to patient functional rating scales actually surpassed the model with only radiomics in its evaluations in terms of predictive reliability and efficiency in a clinical setting. This showed that the combination of radiomics imaging data with patient functional rating scales was a stronger predictor of long term patient satisfaction specifically after the distal radius fracture.
Outcomes and Implications
While the field of radiomics and the usage of machine learning models combined with patient rating scores to determine functionality of the wrist has shown impactful results in a clinical setting, more research must be completed to ensure consistency. The model predicts patient post operative satisfaction quite well based on the results of the study, which can help surgeons in clinical environments determine when a follow-up should be held or how intense physical therapy should be for the patient. The satisfaction rating can also guide surgeons to determine what the best plan of surgery or treatment is; for example, a patient might need a different surgical technique depending on the predictions of the model. Realistic expectations and outcomes can be more easily explained to the patient based on the radiomics data as well, ensuring that the patient is well informed of the plan of treatment and the basis behind it.