Comprehensive Summary
Thomas and colleagues took a close look at how false or misleading information about exercise spreads on social media and how it affects public health. Out of 9,039 studies they reviewed, 33 met the standards for detailed analysis. The review covered major platforms including YouTube (13 studies), TikTok (6), Instagram (5), Facebook (4), and Pinterest (2). Across these sites, misleading or incomplete exercise advice was common, especially in posts about general fitness (39%), rehabilitation (21%), and disease specific exercises (18%). YouTube was the most studied platform, and many of its videos were rated as low to moderate in quality using standard evaluation tools like DISCERN and GQS. Several studies showed that over 60% of videos contained inaccuracies or lacked credible sources, and nearly half shared unsafe or exaggerated recommendations. One analysis found that exercise misinformation videos on YouTube had gained more than 120 million views, while accurate videos from verified medical sources reached far fewer viewers. Most of the misinformation studied targeted or reached younger adults (aged 18–35), and women made up 58% of the total sample across studies, while older adults and other underrepresented groups were rarely included. The authors noted that most research focused on single platforms, even though false information often spreads across multiple ones. To address these issues, the paper calls for clearer communication strategies, stronger partnerships between health professionals and social media companies, and better education to help people recognize reliable exercise content. The authors also suggest using artificial intelligence tools to detect and reduce false or harmful exercise claims online, emphasizing that these systems must remain transparent and based on evidence. Overall, the study highlights how improving the accuracy and visibility of trustworthy physical activity information could help millions of people make safer, more informed health decisions.
Outcomes and Implications
For health professionals, public health leaders, and policymakers, this review highlights the growing need to address misinformation as part of health promotion. Reliable physical activity guidance can help prevent injuries, improve adherence to healthy routines, and build trust in medical advice. Clinicians and researchers are encouraged to share verified information in accessible ways and to collaborate with digital platforms to improve content moderation. Using AI responsibly to detect misinformation and promote accurate resources could help ensure that people across all ages and backgrounds have access to safe and science-based exercise guidance.