Wang et al. studied the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on brain networks, cognition, and plasma biomarkers in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortices of thirty mild-to-moderate AD patients were treated with 20 Hz rTMS for 14 days. Pre- and post-treatment cognitive tests were administered, and neuropsychiatric evaluations, resting-state fMRI, and blood biomarkers were collected. The results showed significant cognitive improvement on MMSE, MoCA, and RAVLT scores, and a reduction in depressive and behavioral symptoms. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) decreased by 9.4%, indicating reduced neuronal damage, and higher Aβ42/40 ratios were associated with increased brain network efficiency. Resting-state fMRI found higher connection density and global integration in the visual, limbic, and default mode networks. The researchers found that rTMS enables neuroplasticity and brain network reorganization, which also parallels both cognitive and biochemical improvement, although the short study period and small sample size limit its generalizability to a broad population. This study is significant since it provides evidence that noninvasive brain stimulation may result in measurable enhancement of neural connectivity and molecular biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.