This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict postoperative renal function in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who underwent nephrectomy. Following PRISMA guidelines, nine studies using AI models such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, XGBoost, and transformer-based algorithms were analyzed. The pooled AUROC for predictive accuracy was 0.79 (0.75–0.84), suggesting strong potential for AI-driven prediction. The review found that models integrating multimodal data—including clinical, radiological, and laboratory variables—tend to achieve higher accuracy. However, challenges remain regarding data heterogeneity, lack of standardization, and limited external validation across studies.