Comprehensive Summary
This article reviews how artificial intelligence (AI) can contribute to addressing antimicrobial resistance, one of the most pressing global health threats. It highlights AI applications in antibiotic discovery, diagnostic improvement, treatment optimization, and surveillance of resistant infections. Key barriers remain—including limited resources, regulatory hurdles, and technical capacity—which must be overcome before AI can make a transformative impact. The authors stress that AI is not a replacement for human expertise but a complementary tool that can expand and accelerate it.
Outcomes and Implications
AI can accelerate antibiotic selection, improving treatment precision, reducing misuse, and slowing resistance. Faster, more accurate diagnostics not only improve patient outcomes but also prevent resistant infections from spreading. At a system level, AI-enabled surveillance could support earlier outbreak detection, reducing hospital costs and strengthening global health security. However, equitable access, algorithmic fairness, and strong privacy safeguards must be prioritized to ensure these tools can be trusted and widely implemented.