Opthalmology

Comprehensive Summary

Artiaga et. al. conducted a scoping literature review regarding the utility of large language models (LLM’s) in ophthalmology. 46 articles were identified as relevant to both LLM’s and ophthalmology and classified into four main categories: clinical assistance, medical education, patient education, and research. The identified studies utilized many types of LLM’s, most commonly ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 and Bard (now Google Gemini). Studies varied greatly in terms of subspecialty and type of data used, but common trends of the potential benefits of LLM’s included determining diagnoses accurately, helping patients understand complex conditions, and making ophthalmic education more accessible. However, common drawbacks were that LLM’s need further training in order to be on par with expert accuracy before open access can be given to patients and students. Additional concerns include hallucinations, potential personal biases, and limited accuracy of LLM’s outside of English text. Security also remains a significant issue, which has been met with potential solutions such as chain of thought and fine tuning.

Outcomes and Implications

LLM’s have been shown to have great potential in ophthalmology, particularly in clinical assistance, medical education, patient education, and research. However, significant safety and ethical issues remain before LLM’s can safely be openly used by patients, students, and clinicians. Model training must be closely monitored and validated by clinicians to guarantee its safety and benefits.

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© 2025 AIIM. Created by AIIM IT Team